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Django Introduction
- 如何從頭建立一個 Django 專案
- 使用 ORM 連結 postgresql 資料庫
Youtube 影片
開始一個專案 (Project)
$mkdir python-project $virtualenv ENV $pip install django $django-admin startproject djangoproject
- Vagrant client 需要修改
settings.py
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["192.28.128.102"]
- 執行
$python manage.py runserver 0:4300
建立一個 app
- 一個專案可以有多個 app
- 建立一個 app
$python manage.py startapp blog
- 產生檔案如下
blog ├── admin.py ├── apps.py ├── __init__.py ├── migrations │ └── __init__.py ├── models.py ├── tests.py └── views.py
修改 views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse('Hello from Posts')
建立一個 urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
]
修改專案的 urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path
urlpatterns = [
path('', include('blog.urls')),
path('blog/', include('blog.urls')),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
- 執行
$python manage.py runserver
設定 Database
- 使用 Postgresql 9.6
- 須先安裝
pip install psycopg2-binary - 修改
settings.py
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'myproject',
'USER': 'jerry',
'PASSWORD': 'Jerry001',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '',
}
}
psql > CREATE DABASE blog;python manage.py migrate來建立 Dabase
Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
產生的 table
blog=> \dt
relation 清單
架構模式 | 名稱 | 型別 | 擁有者
----------+----------------------------+-------+---------
public | auth_group | table | vagrant
public | auth_group_permissions | table | vagrant
public | auth_permission | table | vagrant
public | auth_user | table | vagrant
public | auth_user_groups | table | vagrant
public | auth_user_user_permissions | table | vagrant
public | django_admin_log | table | vagrant
public | django_content_type | table | vagrant
public | django_migrations | table | vagrant
public | django_session | table | vagrant
(10 筆資料列)
建立模型 (Models) models.py
from django.db import models from datetime import datetime # Create your models here. class Posts(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=200) body = models.TextField() created_at = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, blank=True)
將 app 包含入專案
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'blog', 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', ]
建立 migrations, 執行 migrate 來建立 Model
python manage.py makemigrations blog- 產生 migrations py
Migrations for 'blog': blog/migrations/0001_initial.py - Create model Blog
- 執行
migrate
$python manage.py migrate blog
建立一個系統的 Admin 使用者
$python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'vagrant'): Jerry Email address: [email protected] Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully.
- 重新跑 server
python manage.py runserver 0:4300
進入 localhost:4300/admin
登入後的畫面
讓 Blog 代入 administration 畫面
- 修改
admin.py
from django.contrib import admin # Register your model blog 下增加ere. from .models import Blog admin.site.register(Blog)
產生新的畫面
加入一個新的 post
加入後畫面
Blog Object(1) 不是很清楚的名字
- 修改
models.py加入
def __str__(self): return self.title
修改後加入另一個 po blog 下增加的畫面
開始修改 Homepage
- 建立
templates/blog/index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Onion Studio Blog</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Onion Studio Blog</h1>
<h3>List of Blog Posts</h3>
<ul>
{% for post in posts %}
<li> <a href=/blog/details/{{post.id}}>{{post.title}}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
修改 views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
#from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
from .models import Blog
posts = Blog.objects.all()[:10]
context = {
'title': 'Latest Posts',
'posts': posts
}
def index(request):
# return HttpResponse('Hello from Posts')
return render(request, 'posts/index.html', context)
修改後畫面
增加 post detail
- blog 下增加
urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
path('details/<int:id>', views.details, name='detail')
]
修改 views.py 增加
#...
def details(request, id):
print(id)
post = Posts.objects.get(id=id)
context = {
'post': post
}
return render(request, 'blog/details.html', context)
增加 details.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Onion Studio Blog</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Onion Studio Blog</h1>
<h3> {{post.title}} </h3>
<p>{{post.body}}</p>
<br/>
{{post.created_at}}
</body>
</html>
完成之畫面
